Polymerix 2019 – Résumé du poster de Manon Buscaglia

Development of a New Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: Enzyme Cross-linked Collagen from Salmon (Salmo salar)

Auteurs : M. Buscaglia, M. Fauchon, V. Stiger-Pouvreau, C. Hellio, G. Le Blay, F. Guérard
Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin, UBO, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Rue Dumont d’Urville, 29280 Plouzané – France
manon.buscaglia[@]univ-brest.fr

Résumé

Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the action of several cellular groups. Its high resistance is due to the combination of 30% organic molecules, mainly collagen fibers, the bone framework protein, which provide tensile strength, and 70% hydroxyapatite, a mineral, which brings hardness [1]. Despite its good mechanical properties, bone tissue can be
damaged by fractures or infections. In case of large bone defects, the cavity must be plugged to limit deformities and improve bone regeneration [2]. Nowadays, the implants used to treat bone defects are mostly not biodegradable, and patients must either keep them, or endure a new intervention to remove them. Biomaterials with biocompatible and biodegradable
properties are increasingly being studied and they are, like bovine collagen associated with chitosan, increasingly used in tissue engineering [3, 4]. However, mammalian collagen has several disadvantages such as the risk of zoonosis (e.g. bovine spongiform encephalopathy) and reluctance due to religious issues [5].

To overcome these major problems, this project aims to develop a new biocompatible scaffold composed of salmon skin collagen. This marine origin limits zoonosis, valorizes an under-exploited raw material and opens new markets for companies [5]. Although the amino acids composition of fish collagen is similar to that of mammalian collagen, it is in slightly different proportions, resulting in a decrease in its mechanical properties. To overcome this, the scaffold will be crosslinked by enzyme to improve these properties and obtain an optimal biomaterial for cell development and bone tissue regeneration [6, 7]. In addition, this new biomaterial will be functionalized with polyphenols from macroalgae and halophytes with antioxidant, antibacterial or pro-osteogenic activities to improve bone regeneration conditions.
and limit the supply of antibiotics that can have multiple negative effects on the body during
long-term treatments [2, 8].

Références

[1] Jordana, F., Le Visage, C., & Weiss, P. (2017). Substituts osseux. médecine/sciences, 33(1), 60-65.
[2] Birt, M. C., Anderson, D. W., Toby, E. B., & Wang, J. (2017). Osteomyelitis: Recent advances in pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Journal of orthopaedics, 14(1), 45-52.
[3] Gitelis, S., & Brebach, G. T. (2002). The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with a biodegradable antibiotic-impregnated implant. Journal of orthopaedic surgery, 10(1), 53-60.
[4] Pugliano, M., Vanbellinghen, X., Schwinté, P., Benkirane-Jessel, N., & Keller, L. (2017). Combined Jellyfish Collagen Type II, Human Stem Cells and Tgf-Β3 as a Therapeutic Implant for Cartilage Repair. J Stem Cell Res Ther, 7(382), 2.
[5] Arnesen, J. A., & Gildberg, A. (2007). Extraction and characterisation of gelatine from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin. Bioresource Technology, 98(1), 53-57.
[6] Chambi, H., & Grosso, C. (2006). Edible films produced with gelatin and casein crosslinked with transglutaminase. Food research international, 39(4), 458-466.
[7] Bode, F., Da Silva, M. A., Drake, A. F., Ross-Murphy, S. B., & Dreiss, C. A. (2011). Enzymatically cross-linked tilapia gelatin hydrogels: physical, chemical, and hybrid networks. Biomacromolecules, 12(10), 3741-3752.
[8] Berendt, A. R., Peters, E. J. G., Bakker, K., Embil, J. M., Eneroth, M., Hinchliffe, R. J., …& Valk, G. D. (2008). Diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a progress report on diagnosis and a systematic review of treatment. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 24(S1), S145-S161